Mayak, 150 km southeast of Yekaterinburg, was a center of the Soviet nuclear industry[1][13][14][15] and site of the Kyshtym disaster. Ural Mountains As attested by Sigismund von Herberstein, in the 16th century Russians called the range by a variety of names derived from the Russian words for rock (stone) and belt. Only after Sigismund von Herberstein in his Notes on Muscovite Affairs (1549) had reported, following Russian sources, that there are mountains behind the Pechora and identified them with the Riphean Mountains and Hyperboreans of ancient authors, did the existence of the Ural, or at least of its northern part, become firmly established in the Western geography. [1][4], One of the first scientific descriptions of the mountains was published in 1770–71. The rivers Chusovaya and Belaya were first mentioned in the chronicles of 1396 and 1468, respectively. [21][22] East and south of the Urals much of the orogen is buried beneath later Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments. The Ural Mountains are probably the richest mountain range of their size in the world. There are many birds of prey such as lesser kestrel and buzzards. Life. In 1648 the town of Kungur was founded at the western foothills of the Middle Ural. The highest peak of the Ural, Mount Narodnaya, (elevation 1,895 m (6,217 ft)) was identified in 1927.[12]. Much of the land is cultivated.
Three giant tank factories were established at the Uralmash in Sverdlovsk (as Yekaterinburg used to be known), Uralvagonzavod in Nizhny Tagil, and Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant in Chelyabinsk. This is because of low precipitation and the relatively warm climate resulting in less snow and more evaporation. [1][4], The landscapes of the Urals vary with both latitude and longitude and are dominated by forests and steppes. The highest elevations are found in the Nether-Polar Urals, the second-northernmost section of the range’s five segments. [1][4], The Northern Ural consist of a series of parallel ridges up to 1,000–1,200 m (3,300–3,900 ft) in height and longitudinal hollows. The Western Urals contain deposits of coal, oil, natural gas (Ishimbay and Krasnokamsk areas) and potassium salts. The upper reaches of the Kama and Chusovaya in the Middle Ural, still unexplored, as well as parts of Transuralia still held by the hostile Siberian Khanate, were granted to the Stroganovs by several decrees of the tsar in 1558–1574. The mountain range forms part of the conventional boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia. [1][4], The steppes of the Southern Urals are dominated by hares and rodents such as hamsters, susliks, and jerboa. Land
The collision lasted nearly 90 million years in the late Carboniferous – early Triassic. They multiplied particularly quickly during the reign of Peter I of Russia. After the war, in 1947–1948, Chum – Labytnangi railway, built with the forced labor of Gulag inmates, crossed the Polar Ural. [17][18][19][20] Unlike the other major orogens of the Paleozoic (Appalachians, Caledonides, Variscides), the Urals have not undergone post-orogenic extensional collapse and are unusually well preserved for their age, being underlaid by a pronounced crustal root. [25], This article is about the land formation. [16] Although some reactors of Mayak were shut down in 1987 and 1990,[14] the facility keeps producing plutonium. [15] Over 23,000 km2 (8,900 sq mi) of land were contaminated in 1957 from a storage tank explosion, only one of several serious accidents that further polluted the region. Ivan III of Moscow captured Perm, Pechora and Yugra from the declining Novgorod Republic in 1472. [4], The relief of the Southern Ural is more complex, with numerous valleys and parallel ridges directed south-west and meridionally. Both slopes are rich in bituminous coal and lignite, and the largest deposit of bituminous coal is in the north (Pechora field). They are elongated from north to south and stretch for about 560 km (350 mi) from the river Usa. The Middle and Southern Ural were still largely unavailable and unknown to the Russian or Western European geographers. NASA Earth Observatory image by Jesse Allen, using data from NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team. The eastern side is dominated by basalts. Adolf Hitler and the rest of the Nazi German leadership made many references to them as a strategic objective of the Third Reich t Examples of in a sentence [1][4], The Central Ural are the lowest part of the Ural, with smooth mountain tops, the highest mountain being 994 m (3,261 ft) (Basegi); they extend south from the river Ufa. Geographer E.V.
Tatischev believes that this oronym is set to "belt" and associates it with the Turkic verb oralu- "gird".
The first ample geographic survey of the Ural Mountains was completed in the early 18th century by the Russian historian and geographer Vasily Tatishchev under the orders of Peter I. [7] Finno-Ugrist scholars consider Ural deriving from the Ostyak word urr meaning "chain of mountains".
The Urals rise like a long and narrow spine across western Russia, forming a natural divide between Europe and Asia. The sedimentary and volcanic layers are folded and faulted. The forests of the Southern Urals are the most diverse in composition: here, together with coniferous forests are also abundant broadleaf tree species such as English oak, Norway maple and elm. Mountain building processes during continent–continent collision in the Uralides.
[24], The Urals have been viewed by Russians as a "treasure box" of mineral resources, which were the basis for its extensive industrial development. For such an ancient range, it reaches some relatively high elevations. It has eventually replaced the Ufa – Chelyabinsk section as the main trunk of the Trans-Siberian railway. "The Ural mountains". Ural Mountains in Nazi planning - The Ural Mountains played a prominent role in Nazi planning. Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012. a mountain range in the W Russian Federation, extending N and S from the Arctic Ocean to near the Caspian Sea, forming a natural boundary between Europe and Asia. This is because the mountains trap clouds from the Atlantic Ocean.
For its age of 250 to 300 million years, the elevation of the mountains is unusually high.
The rest of the Urals drain into the Arctic Ocean, mainly via the Pechora basin in the west, which includes the Ilych, Shchugor, and the Usa, and via the Ob basin in the east, which includes the Tobol, Tavda, Iset, Tura and Severnaya Sosva. Highest peak, Mt. [25], The region served as a military stronghold during Peter the Great's Great Northern War with Sweden, during Stalin's rule when the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Complex was built and Russian industry relocated to the Urals during the Nazi advance at the beginning of World War II, and as the center of the Soviet nuclear industry during the Cold War. The Southern Urals extend some 550 km (340 mi) up to the sharp westward bend of the river Ural and terminate in the wide Mughalzhar Hills.[1]. [1] Mississippi’s nickname comes from the magnificent trees that grow there. This collision lasted nearly 90 million years in the late Carboniferous-early Triassic. Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2020, Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition The Ural forests are inhabited by animals typical of Siberia, such as elk, brown bear, fox, wolf, wolverine, lynx, squirrel, and sable (north only).
As Middle-Eastern merchants traded with the Bashkirs and other people living on the western slopes of the Ural as far north as Great Perm, since at least the 10th century medieval mideastern geographers had been aware of the existence of the mountain range in its entirety, stretching as far as to the Arctic Ocean in the north. To the south, the meadow steppes become more sparse, dry and low. The Urals were formed during the Uralian orogeny due to the collision of the eastern edge of the supercontinent Larussia with the young and rheologically weak continent of Kazakhstania. The Urals are about 1,550 miles (2,500 kilometers) long. At elevations below 500 meters, snow and ice give way to green forests.
[1][13][14] In 1990, efforts were underway to contain the radiation in one of the lakes, which was estimated at the time to expose visitors to 500 millirem per day. Image of the Day Transportation of the output of the smelting works to the markets of European Russia necessitated the construction of the Siberian Route from Yekaterinburg across the Ural to Kungur and Yegoshikha (Perm) and further to Moscow, which was completed in 1763 and rendered Babinov's road obsolete. Spas and sanatoriums have been built to take advantage of the medicinal muds found in some of the mountain lakes. [1][4], The mountains contain a number of deep lakes. Dobrodomov suggests a transition from Aral to Ural explained on the basis of ancient Bulgar-Chuvash dialects. Land [14][16], The Ural Mountains extend about 2,500 km (1,600 mi) from the Kara Sea to the Kazakh Steppe along the border of Kazakhstan. The Ural Mountains are among the world’s oldest extant mountain ranges. In addition to iron and copper the Urals were a source of gold, malachite, alexandrite, and other gems such as those used by the court jeweller Fabergé. Both factories were actually founded by Tatishchev's successor, Georg Wilhelm de Gennin, in 1723. [1], The Ural Mountains contain about 48 species of economically valuable ores and economically valuable minerals.
It has been mined since 1747. More than 1,000 types of minerals can be found here, and many of them are commercially useful. Reptiles and amphibians live mostly in the Southern and Central Ural and are represented by the common viper, lizards and grass snakes.
Hawks believes that the name goes back to the Bashkir folklore Ural-Batyr. The Ural Mountains The Urals rise like a long and narrow spine across western Russia, forming a natural divide between Europe and Asia. He sacrificed his life for the sake of his people and they poured a stone pile over his grave, which later turned into the Ural Mountains. The maximum height is 1,499 m (4,918 ft) at Payer Mountain and the average height is 1,000 to 1,100 m (3,300 to 3,600 ft). [3] From the 13th century, in Bashkortostan there has been a legend about a hero named Ural. The scene extends from the northern boundary and ends just short of Mount Narodnaya—1,895 meters (6,217 feet)—the highest point in the entire range. [1] There are nine strict nature reserves in the Urals: the Ilmen, the oldest one, mineralogical reserve founded in 1920 in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Pechora-Ilych in the Komi Republic, Bashkir and its former branch Shulgan-Tash in Bashkortostan, Visim in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Southern Ural in Bashkortostan, Basegi in Perm Krai, Vishera in Perm Krai and Denezhkin Kamen in Sverdlovsk Oblast. Dictionary.com Unabridged Meadow steppes have developed on the lower parts of mountain slopes and are covered with zigzag and mountain clovers, Serratula gmelinii, dropwort, meadow-grass and Bromus inermis, reaching the height of 60–80 cm.
Salt, silver and gold have been mined here since the 1500s. The karst topography is much less developed on the eastern slopes.
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