The Emperor was interested in public buildings and especially temple buildings. His nephew Marcellus and his beloved grandsons Gaius and Lucius pre-deceased him, so he reluctantly made Tiberius his heir. (Gaius and Lucius joined the college of priests at an early age, were presented to spectators in a more favorable light, and were introduced to the army in Gaul. [84] Perusia also was pillaged and burned as a warning for others. He therefore followed the advice of Arius Didymus that "two Caesars are one too many", ordering Caesarion, Julius Caesar's son by Cleopatra, killed, while sparing Cleopatra's children by Antony, with the exception of Antony's older son. The two men became enemies immediately when Octavian announced his intentions of taking over his inheritance. His great-uncle was Julius Caesar, who he fought beside in 47 B.C. ", The main ancient source for Augustus's life is Suetonius's chapter "The Deified Augustus" in the Lives of the Twelve Caesars. Radke, Gerhard. [128] However, he renounced flaunting insignia of power such as holding a scepter, wearing a diadem, or wearing the golden crown and purple toga of his predecessor Julius Caesar. Lepidus's troops deserted him, however, and defected to Octavian since they were weary of fighting and were enticed by Octavian's promises of money. [136] He appointed noted Republican Calpurnius Piso (who had fought against Julius Caesar and supported Cassius and Brutus[137]) as co-consul in 23 BC, after his choice Aulus Terentius Varro Murena died unexpectedly. 2013-04-27 10:48:55 2013-04-27 10:48:55. Pompeius's own son was put in charge as naval commander in the effort to cause widespread famine in Italy. ." [236] Tacitus, however, records two contradictory but common views of Augustus: Intelligent people praised or criticized him in varying ways. [54][55][56], In the face of Octavian's large and capable force, Antony saw the danger of staying in Rome and, to the relief of the Senate, he left Rome for Cisalpine Gaul, which was to be handed to him on 1 January. He did not change much about the cursus honorum (which, again, is the process of moving up the ranks of the Roman magistracies) and he saw the current republic magistrates as a special, executive position. Caesar Augustus was one of ancient Rome’s most successful leaders who led the transformation of Rome from a republic to an empire. [245] As it was effectively considered Augustus's private property rather than a province of the Empire, it became part of each succeeding emperor's patrimonium. He established the >principate, the form of government under which Rome ruled the empire for 300 >years. His body was returned to the capital. "Augustus und das göttliche." . The Italian Peninsula was left open to all for the recruitment of soldiers, but in reality, this provision was useless for Antony in the East. [41] Octavian made another bold move in 44 BC when, without official permission, he appropriated the annual tribute that had been sent from Rome's Near Eastern province to Italy. His many permanent innovations included also the creation of a large civil service which attended to the general business of administering so vast an empire. [37][43], Octavian began to bolster his personal forces with Caesar's veteran legionaries and with troops designated for the Parthian war, gathering support by emphasizing his status as heir to Caesar. [105][106], In early 31 BC, Antony and Cleopatra were temporarily stationed in Greece when Octavian gained a preliminary victory: the navy successfully ferried troops across the Adriatic Sea under the command of Agrippa. Read more. Born on September 23, 63 B.C., Augustus grew up in a town about 25 miles southeast of Rome. to enter suddenly, especially into water. Even his Mausoleum of Augustus was built before his death to house members of his family. [240] The 3rd-century historian Cassius Dio acknowledged Augustus as a benign, moderate ruler, yet like most other historians after the death of Augustus, Dio viewed Augustus as an autocrat.

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