Qatar is currently the subject of a diplomatic and economic embargo by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Egypt, which began in June 2017. As of 2010, a total number of 9,650 Nepalis came to Qatar. In addition, the Ottomans supported the Ottoman subject Mohammed bin Abdul Wahab who attempted to supplant Al Thani as kaymakam of Qatar in 1888. Coordinates: 25°30′N 51°15′E / 25.500°N 51.250°E / 25.500; 51.250. [109] A Consultative Assembly has limited legislative authority to draft and approve laws, but the Emir has final say on all matters. [155] [191] Qatar also announced it would scrap its sponsor system for foreign labour, which requires that all foreign workers be sponsored by local employers. Qatar's proved reserves of gas are the third-largest in the world, exceeding 250 trillion cubic feet (7,000 km³). Mass-transit options, such as a Doha metro, light-rail system and more extensive bus networks, are also under development to ease road congestion. Qatar is a strategic ally of China, with relationship between the two countries growing stronger. The focus of British interests in Qatar changed after the Second World War with the independence of India, the creation of Pakistan in 1947 and the development of oil in Qatar. [97], In June 2013, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani became the Emir of Qatar after his father handed over power in a televised speech. The UN Committee Against Torture found that these practices constituted a breach of the obligations imposed by the UN Convention Against Torture. Several senior members of Qatar's ruling Al Thani family are noted collectors of Islamic and contemporary art. [164] In more recent times, Qatar has hosted peace talks between rival factions across the globe. [42] Among the findings were 3,000,000 crushed snail shells and Kassite potsherds. In some cases, Sharia-based family courts treat a female's testimony as being worth half that of a man. [209], According to the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research, carbon dioxide emissions per person average over 30 tonnes, one of the highest in the world. [35] Eventually, after several variations – 'Katr', 'Kattar' and 'Guttur' – the modern derivative Qatar was adopted as the country's name. [138] The history of Qatar's alliances provides insight into the basis of their policy. [73] However, Qatar was not officially recognised as a British protectorate until 1916. This is used as a second language. Notable among these include the Darfur Agreement. Munzir obliged his request, and accordingly, most of the Arab tribes in the region converted to Islam. [300], On 3 September 2020, the Education City Stadium, hosted its first match ever official match, where the local clubs Al Sadd SC and Al Kharaitiyat SC contested the season-opener of 2020-21 Qatar Stars League. [212], Before the discovery of oil, the economy of the Qatari region focused on fishing and pearl hunting. This language is found in the Indo-Aryan division of the Indo-European dialects and it has its own unique writing structure, the Sinhala alphabet, which is found in the Brahmic family of scripts, and a progeny of the old Indian Brahmi script and is one of the formal and state dialects of Sri Lanka. Over 100 stone-built houses, two mosques, and an Abbasid fort were constructed in Murwab during this period. Both categories are used and comprehended by other nations in the Middle East such as Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Dubai, Iran, Bahrain, and other nations near or bordering Qatar. [268] The Qatari cultural sector is being developed to enable the country to reach world recognition to contribute to the development of a country that comes mainly from its resources from the gas industry. It was officially opened in September 2017, and is expected to become fully operational by 2020. Poetry later fell out of favor after Qatar began reaping the profits from oil exports in the mid-20th century and many Qataris abandoned their Bedouin traditions in favor of more urban lifestyles. [222], In 2012, Qatar retained its title of richest country in the world (according to per capita income) for the third time in a row, having first overtaken Luxembourg in 2010. Sinhalese is locally known as Sinhala and is the local language of the Sinhalese community which makes up the biggest ethnic community in Sri Lanka. Qatar (/ˈkætɑːr/,[10] /ˈkɑːtɑːr/ (listen), /ˈkɑːtər/ or /kəˈtɑːr/ (listen);[11] Arabic: قطر‎ Qaṭar [ˈqatˤar]; local vernacular pronunciation: [ˈɡɪtˤɑr]),[12][13] officially the State of Qatar (Arabic: دولة قطر‎ Dawlat Qaṭar), is a country located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. [177] In 2012, it was estimated that Qatar would invest over $120 billion in the energy sector in the next ten years. The Qatari peninsula protrudes 160 kilometres (100 mi) into the Persian Gulf, north of Saudi Arabia. [224] Due to billions of dollars in surpluses from the oil and gas industry, the Qatari government has directed investments into United States, Europe, and Asia Pacific. [95] It is also currently a major funder of weapons for rebel groups in the Syrian civil war. [254][255][256], Arabic is the official language of Qatar, with Qatari Arabic the local dialect. Mehmed's demand that Jassim disbands his troops and pledge his loyalty to the Ottomans was met with refusal. Additionally, the country has seen job cuts in 2016 from its petroleum companies and other sectors in the government. [27][28][29] For its size, Qatar wields disproportionate influence in the world, and has been identified as a middle power.[30][31]. This group of people not only brought their skills to Qatar but also their culture, practices and language. The Ottomans and Egyptians assaulted the western front, while the Al Khalifa in Bahrain and the Omanis launched an attack against the eastern front. [37], In Standard Arabic, the name is pronounced [ˈqɑtˤɑr], while in the local dialect it is [ˈɡitˤar]. [157][158] Qatar offered Egypt a $7.5 billion loan during the year he was in power. After defeating the Bani Khalid in 1795, the Wahhabi were attacked on two fronts. About 37,000 people in Qatar speak Sinhalese, a Sri Lankan language of the Brahmic family. This is used as a second language. [303] Citizens are required to attend government-provided education from kindergarten through high school. The taxes would be implemented on goods that harm the human body – for example, fast food, tobacco products, and soft drinks. [89], Judicial corporal punishment is common in Qatar due to the Wahhabi interpretation of Sharia Law, although in Qatar it had originally been a Hanbali school of mainstream Sunnism. Some of the more common labour rights violations include beatings, withholding of payment, charging workers for benefits for which the employer is responsible, restrictions on freedom of movement (such as the confiscation of passports, travel documents, or exit permits), arbitrary detention, threats of legal action, and sexual assault. The US is the major equipment supplier for Qatar's oil and gas industry, and US companies are playing a major role in North Field gas development. [174], The Qatar Armed Forces are the military forces of Qatar. Farsi is an Indo-Iranian language of the Persian dialect spoken by natives of Iran and Iranians living in Qatar. Qatari Sign Language is the language of the deaf community. Arabic is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in several countries in parts of Asia and Africa. About 99% of Urdu verbs trace their roots to Prakrit and Sanskrit. [75] Despite the disapproval of local tribes, Al Thani continued supporting Ottoman rule. A report prepared by local governors of Ottoman Empire in 1892 states that total income from pearl hunting in 1892 is 2,450,000 kran. [170][171][172][173], Two years after the diplomatic crisis, Jordan took a step towards restoring its relations with Qatar. Wilton, John, unpublished memoir, ‘Qatar and Sharjah, 1949–1952’, Special Collections, University of Exeter Library, Exeter. Arabic is the official language in Qatar, with a majority of the population using Arabic as a mother tongue. Ally. ", "AUB academics awarded $850,000 grant for project on the Syriac writers of Qatar in the 7th century AD", "Amiri Diwan – Shaikh Abdullah Bin Jassim Al Thani", "New Qatari emir Sheikh Tamim 'set to announce reshuffle, nouvelobs.com: "Qatar : "S'ils pouvaient, ils achèteraient la Tour Eiffel", "Last respects paid to teacher killed by bomb", "Qatar bankrolls Syrian revolt with cash and arms", "Why closing the Taliban's Qatar office would be an erro", "In Surprise, Emir of Qatar Plans to Abdicate, Handing Power to Son", Saudi-led coalition strikes rebels in Yemen, inflaming tensions in region, "Saudi Arabia and Bahrain break diplomatic ties with Qatar over 'terrorism, "BBC NEWS – Middle East – How democratic is the Middle East? Qatar ranked number 23 overall in the 2014 NRI ranking, unchanged from 2013. "[162] Following a peace agreement, Qatar pledged $1 billion in humanitarian aid to Gaza. [102], Qatar is either a constitutional[14][15] or an absolute monarchy[17][103] ruled by the Al Thani family. [207] A total of 142 fungal species have been recorded from Qatar. [39][43], In 224 AD, the Sasanian Empire gained control over the territories surrounding the Persian Gulf. [214] Corporate law mandates that Qatari nationals must hold 51% of any venture in the Emirate. What about the country's energy consumption? Qatari law does not permit the establishment of political bodies or trade unions. [111], According to Qatar's Constitution, Sharia law is the main source of Qatari legislation,[112][113] although in practice, Qatar's legal system is a mixture of civil law and Sharia law. Farsi is at times referred to as the Persian dialect and it is spoken by Persians also referred to as Iranians. Oil production will not remain at the peak level of 500,000 barrels (80,000 m³) per day for long as the national oil fields are projected to be largely depleted by 2023. [133], Until 2011, restaurants on the Pearl-Qatar (a man-made island near Doha) were allowed to serve alcoholic drinks. In 2003, the constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum, with almost 98% in favour. While a large community of the deaf exists in Qatar, the language has not developed in equal measure, especially in education. [314] Furthermore, the government has launched educational outreach programs, such as Al-Bairaq. It is, however, important to know a few words of any dialects used in the country as they can be very helpful. [65][66] By the time of their arrival, the Bani Khalid exercised weak authority over the peninsula, notwithstanding the fact that the largest village was ruled by their distant kin. Qatar commissioned international law firm DLA Piper to produce a report investigating the immigrant labour system. Abdul Jalil Al-Tabatabai and Mohammed bin Abdullah bin Uthaymeen, two poets dating back to the early 19th century, formed the corpus of Qatar's earliest written poetry. ", "Qatar, Unveiling Tensions, Suspends Sale of Alcohol", "Debate Questions Emir's Powers To Shape Qatar's Positioning As Sports Hub And Sponsor of Revolts – Analysis", "Alcohol ban lifted for new hotel on The Pearl-Qatar", "Qatar Bans Tourists from Wearing Leggings in Public", "Qatar Is a U.S. The Malayalam speakers in Qatar come to Qatar as guest workers from India and as a result, they have brought their language with them thus spreading it in the country. Non-Muslim expatriates can obtain a permit to purchase alcohol for personal consumption.

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