We can be certain Pyrrhus did not employ Italian troops at Heraclea. Pyrrhus expanded his kingdom into southern Illyria and absorbed several provinces such as Amphilochia, Parauaea, and Tymphaea which bordered with Macedonia. But even with the help of these methods he did not succeed in winning a victory, and the outcome of all his battles was somewhat indecisive. For example, we are told, "Pyrrhus’ features were more likely to inspire fear in the beholder than to impress him with a sense of majesty" (Pyrrhus, 386). Pyrrhus routed the Romans at Heraclea (280 BC) and was victorious a year later at Asculum (279 BC). Plutarch describes the phalanx fighting as normal, and fighting well. Il se serait écrié « Encore une autre victoire comme celle-là et je rentrerais seul en Épire ! Revenu dans son royaume vers 297, il dut partager le pouvoir avec Néoptolème, qu'il parvint à évincer en 295. With his camp overrun, the loss of most of his elephants, and an enemy able to withstand enormous losses and still take the field again, it was time for Pyrrhus to leave Italy. Polybius (Historian 203-120 BC) on Pyrrhus (King o... Attalus - online translations of ancient texts. So why would Pyrrhus adopt Italian troops and tactics when he was winning and defeating Roman armies? Pyrrhos ou en latin Pyrrhus (vers 318, mort à Argos 272 avant notre ère), roi d'Epire (295-272), de la dynastie des Molosses. Plutarch (c. 45 - c. 125 CE), the Greek historian, wrote one of his Lives biographies on Pyrrhus and much of the information we have on the great general comes from this entertaining if at times unreliable source. Achetez neuf ou d'occasion Des pourparlers de paix échouèrent, et une nouvelle bataille fut livrée en 279 à Ausculum (aujourd’hui Ascoli Satriano), en Apulie. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. (Pyrrhus, 409). Les habitants de Tarente firent appel à son génie militaire pour les sauver de la menace romaine. Retrouvez Pyrrhus of Epirus et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. A la bataille d'Héraclée (280), les Romains, épouvantés par les éléphants chargés de tours pleines d'archers, cédèrent après de furieux combats. Indeed its scope is only. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Related Content Asculum was a bigger battle than Heraclea and, although we can discount fanciful estimations of 70,000 on each side, Pyrrhus lacked the manpower to present an unbroken front of Macedonian phalangites. Après de rapides succès, Pyrrhus s'enlisa dans cette affaire; les Grecs, lassés de payer tribut, se révoltèrent contre lui, et Pyrrhus quitta la Sicile comme un fugitif (v. 275). Web. When writing about Pyrrhus' tactics Polybius is probably guilty only of ignorance and misinterpretation. Pyrrhus resta maître du terrain au prix de pertes énormes. Metope with Pyrrhus in Battleby Caroline Cervera (CC BY-NC-SA). As Plutarch stated, "the general opinion of him was that for warlike experience, daring and personal valour, he had no equal among the kings of his time" (Pyrrhus, 414). Pyrrhus (also Pyrrhos or Phyrrhus, c. 319 - 272 BCE ) was the king of Epirus in northern Greece between 306 and 302 BCE and again between 297 and 272 BCE. Here we see the tactical deployment to which Polybius referred. Pyrrhus fought in the protracted squabbles for control of Alexander’s empire known as the Successor Wars and, fighting alongside Demetrios I Poliocretes of Macedon, he was involved in the Battle of Ipsos in 301 BCE. The Greek king remained in Italy even when the Macedonian throne once again came up for grabs following the death of Ptolemy Keraunos in 278 BCE. were in the hands of Macedonian garrisons. Cherchant encore de quoi payer ses soldats, il se dirigea vers la Macédoine et se fit proclamer roi en 274 à la place de son adversaire, Antigonos Gonatas. For who could keep us away from Libya or Carthage…? ...is a blog dedicated to historical debate and discussion. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Books Translated versions of Polybius, Plutarch and Dionysius are all available on-line. Winning great victories against the armies of Macedon and Rome, he is considered one of the finest military commanders in history and was favourably compared to Alexander the Great by such noted generals as Hannibal. Il marcha aussitôt sur Rome, qu'il dut apercevoir, mais contre laquelle il ne put rien entreprendre, les peuples d'Italie ne faisant pas défection. License. An alliance with Bardylis, the Dardanian king, strengthened his position further. The first thing we notice is that Polybius, or possibly his source, was wrong when he says the battles Pyrrhus fought were indecisive. To this end, and like his uncle before him, Pyrrhus responded to a call for help from Taras (modern-day Taranto) located in the heel of the Italian peninsula. “As for King Pyrrhus of Epirus, he employed not only Italian weapons but also Italian troops and alternated maniples and units of the phalanx in drawing up his battle order against the Romans. Possible neveu d'Alexandre le Grand et lui-même ambitieux conquérant, Pyrrhus est l'un des plus redoutables adversaires des premiers temps de la Rome antique. The victories, nevertheless, came at a high cost in lives to the victors and these battles were not decisive, hence the lasting expression ‘a Pyrrhic victory’. Pyrrhus famously made Dodona his religious centre and constructed a huge theatre with 17,000 seats and a colonnaded precinct there with many fine temples. Le butin, chargé sur des navires, y fut ramené par une tempête : le roi, effrayé de ce présage, craignit dès lors la vengeance divine. Pour payer ceux-ci, il pilla le trésor de Perséphone, à Locres. He was also noted for witnessing the events that he recorded. Endearing himself to the ruler of the Egyptian slice of the empire and even marrying his step-daughter Antigone, Pyrrhus was permitted to return to Epirus in 297 BCE. Son origine. (Pyrrhus, 399). However, his reign as a minor was a short one as he was forced, once again, to flee his homeland in 302 BCE. He did have some troops from Tarentum (who fought in a traditional phalanx formation) with him but it is unlikely they saw any significant involvement in the battle. Une victoire à la Pyrrhus est une victoire difficile, trop chèrement acquise, au résultat terrible pour le vainqueur. Mark is a history writer based in Italy. Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. For example, we are told, \"Pyrrhus’ features were more likely to inspire fear in the beholder than to impress him with a sense of majesty\" (Pyrrhus, 386).Pyrrhus’ position as heir to the Molossian throne of Epirus wa… Il disposait même d'éléphants. Pyrrhus’ position as heir to the Molossian throne of Epirus was put in serious jeopardy almost from his birth when, in c. 319 BCE, Cassander, king of Macedon, overthrew his father Aeacides. He had only recently arrived in Italy and Plutarch tells us he felt great pride at winning that battle using only the forces he had brought with him. See 35, 5. Reprenant la guerre contre Rome, il fut battu à Maleventum en 275 (que les Romains auraient rebaptisé alors Beneventum [Bénévent] en souvenir de l'événement). » C'est pourquoi qu'on prit l'habitude d'appeler «une victoire à la Pyrrhus » une victoire qui coute très cher. Plutarch reports Pyrrhus as follows, in conversation with the philosopher Kineas, Sicily is near, and stretches out her hands to us, an island abounding in wealth and men, and very easy to conquer, for there is nothing there, Kineas, but faction, anarchy in her cities and excitable demagogues…and we will use this as a preliminary to great enterprises. Here the commander met his old enemy, the Romans, once again, and this time he lost at the Battle of Maleventum (renamed by the Romans Beneventum) in 275 BCE. On the death of his wife Antigone Pyrrhus made marriages of diplomatic significance to the daughter of Agathocles, tyrant of Syracuse (thus acquiring Corcyra and Leucas) and Audoleon, the ruler of Paeonia. Dazed, the great commander was then ruthlessly slain by the enemy. Le contenu est disponible sous licence CC BY-SA 3.0 sauf mention contraire. 7 This has been referred by some to the account of Scipio Aemilianus's single combat with the Spaniard. Pyrrhus sailed back to Greece having lost two-thirds of the army he had first taken to Italy. Cite This Work The two were brought in conflict following Pyrrhus’ ambitious plans to build an empire which included Magna Graecia and the old Greek colonies which had spread throughout Sicily and southern Italy. Written by Mark Cartwright, published on 15 March 2016 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Pyrrhus was forced to seek refuge in Illyria where he was protected by Glaucias. It was an ignominious end to a general who had fought in so many battles and always done so by leading his men from the front in the most ferocious parts of the battlefield.

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