Huge six-sided basalt columns, arranged in clusters resembling bundles of pencils, are found in the eastern and central regions. In 2020 the population of Mongolia was 3.2 million. The eastern part of Mongolia has a rolling topography of hilly steppe plains. Mongolia has great mineral wealth. The remarkable Khorgo region, on the northern flanks of the Khangai Mountains, has a dozen extinct volcanoes and numerous volcanic lakes. The Dariganga area of far eastern Mongolia contains some 220 such extinct volcanoes. Generally, Mongolian rivers are swift with a steep gradient or are slow and meandering and prone to flooding in summer. Mongolia was inhabited by warring nomadic tribes, who learned to ride horses and their entire culture has been centered on the horse ever since. Mongolia (/ m ɒ n ˈ ɡ oʊ l i ə / (), Mongolian: Монгол Улс, transcription: Mongol Uls, Traditional Mongolian: ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ, transliteration: Mongγol ulus) is a landlocked country in East Asia.Its area is roughly equivalent with the historical territory of Outer Mongolia, and … Near the northern border, Lake Khövsgöl (Hövsgöl) is the focus of another rugged region that is noted for its marshlands. With these 66 facts about Mongolia, let’s learn more about its history, culture & tradition, economy, geography, people and lots more… Geographical facts about Mongolia. It flows generally northward, joining the Selenge just before the Russian border. At its peak, the Mongol Empire covered the most contiguous territory in history. Around and between the main ranges lie an important series of basins. Tibetan Buddhism became the leading religious force among the Mongols in the 1500s. A brief history of China. The Great Lakes region, with more than 300 lakes, is tucked between the Mongolian Altai, the Khangai, and the mountains along the border with Siberia. There have always been fierce struggles between neighboring tribes in Mongolia. Most of the southern part of the country is a vast plain, with occasional oases, forming the northern fringe of the Eastern (Mongolian) Gobi. Occasionally all or large portions of the region came under the control of a conqueror or a coalition of tribes. Occasionally all or large portions of the region came under the control of a conqueror or a coalition of tribes. Infoplease has everything you need to know about Mongolia. Orkhon (Orhon) River, north-central Mongolia. Led at first by Genghis Khan, the empire lasted from 1206 until 1368. For these reasons, as well as the unpredictability of precipitation, hydroelectric potential has proved difficult to exploit. Another basin lies between the eastern slopes of the Khangai Mountains and the western foothills of the Khentii range. The current constitution was adopted in 1992. The successor states of the Mongol empire. A service provided by, https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/index.php?title=Mongolia_History&oldid=3505413, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Mongolia is a country in East Asia. The watershed that separates rivers that flow into the oceans and those that flow into the interior basins runs along the crest of the Khangai Mountains. The largest and deepest freshwater body, Lake Khövsgöl, in the north, occupies a structural depression. If that's not enough, click over to our collection of world maps and flags. On the other hand, when China appeared weak, Mongol tribes made raids into rich Chinese lands. Here and there, small, stubby massifs contain the clearly discernible cones of extinct volcanoes. The southern part of it—the basins of the Tuul and Orkhon (Orhon) rivers—is a fertile region important in Mongolian history as the cradle of settled ways of life. Mongolia lies on a continental divide: rivers in the north flow northward into the Arctic Ocean, and those in the northeast flow eastward into the Pacific. The country is also famous for Genghis Khan, a one of a kind ruler that changed the course of history for the country. Another basin lies between the eastern slopes of the Khangai Mountains and the western foothills of the Khentii range. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Other rivers east of the Zavkhan end in salt lakes or disappear in the Gobi. Many of Mongolia’s lakes are salty, impermanent, highly variable in area, and without outlets. Its only outlet, the Eg River (Egiin Gol), joins the Selenge. The rule of the “Living Buddha” was maintained and the city was renamed Niyslel Hüree. Mongolian history - Ancient times: There are many traces of the ancient human race in the territory of Mongolia, including archaeological discoveries in the white cave of Bayanlig and stone weapons found in the Uran Khairkhan hill of Baatsagaan somon, Bayankhongor aimag. 1. Mongolia’s third longest river, the Kherlen (Kerulen), runs south from its source in the Khentii Mountains before turning eastward and flowing across eastern Mongolia and into Lake Hulun (Mongolian: Dalai Nuur) in northeastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. Northern Mongolia’s drainage pattern is dominated by two river systems: the Orkhon and the Selenge (Russian: Selenga). Family histories were destroyed and the people were forbidden to use their ancient surnames. Mongolia - Mongolia - The northern intermontane basins: Around and between the main ranges lie an important series of basins. Genghis Khan's army although not particularly large for its day, was distinguished by its superb horsemanship and expert archery, the discipline and control of its aristocratic leaders, and Genghis’s own brilliant military strategy and tactics. During periods when China was united and strong, they traded with Mongols and other Inner Asian peoples. The largest rivers draining into the Great Lakes region of the Mongolian interior are the Khovd (Hovd), which rises from the glaciers of the Mongolian Altai Mountains, and the Zavkhan (Dzavhan), which runs off the southern slopes of the Khangai Mountains. The Mongolian word for yurt, ger, also means home, and a number of … Mongolia was inhabited by warring nomadic tribes, who learned to ride horses and their entire culture has been centered on the horse ever since. Today the economy of Mongolia is growing rapidly. After the Chinese revolution of 1911, Mongolia declared its independence from China. On several occasions, raids into northern China were so successful that the victorious nomads settled in the conquered land, established dynasties, and eventually became absorbed by the more numerous Chinese. In the twentieth century, many aspects of Mongolia’s historic culture were also stifled or destroyed. In repeated cycles the nomadic people of Mongolia either became vassals of the Chinese emperor, or they retreated beyond his reach into the northern steppes. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The Selenge drains northwest-central Mongolia before flowing northward into Russia and ultimately into Lake Baikal. Ⓒ 2020 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved. Lake Khökh (Höh), in far northeastern Mongolia and lying at an elevation of 1,837 feet (560 metres), is the country’s lowest point. Check out our country profile, full of essential information about Mongolia's geography, history, government, economy, population, culture, religion and languages. The flat relief is occasionally broken by low, heavily eroded ranges. In the southern areas—where there are only a few constantly flowing rivers—lakes, saltwater and freshwater springs, and wells draw on subterranean water supplies. In addition, the range’s scenic Yolyn Am (Lammergeier Valley)—now a national park, with a deep gorge containing a small perennial glacier—is surrounded by towering rocky cliffs where lammergeiers (bearded vultures) roost.

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