It was held in collaboration with the Iranian government, which loaned the British Museum a number of iconic artefacts in exchange for an undertaking that the Cyrus Cylinder would be loaned to the National Museum of Iran in return. [55] Both works make a point of stressing Cyrus’s qualifications as a king from a line of kings, in contrast to the non-royal ancestry of Nabonidus, who is described by the Cylinder as merely maţû, “insignificant”. It would serve as a showcase for a modern Iran in which the contributions that Iran had made to world civilization would be recognized. The Book of Ezra (1–4:5) provides a narrative account of the rebuilding project. A copy of the cylinder was given to the United Nations, from which all religious references where let out. The beginning of the text is partly broken; the surviving content reprimands the character of the deposed Babylonian king Nabonidus. [113][114] W.J. [75] The policies of Cyrus toward subjugated nations have been contrasted to those of the Assyrians and Babylonians, who had treated subject peoples harshly; he permitted the resettling of those who had been previously deported and sponsored the reconstruction of religious buildings. The Assyro–British archaeologist Hormuzd Rassam discovered the Cyrus Cylinder in March 1879 during a lengthy programme of excavations in Mesopotamia carried out for the British Museum. [2] It is currently in the possession of the British Museum, which sponsored the expedition that discovered the cylinder. It is interesting because the Persian king presents himself to his new subjects as the perfect ruler, carefully copying Babylonian ideas about good governance. The text on the Cylinder praises Cyrus, sets out his genealogy and portrays him as a king from a line of kings. It is perhaps for this reason that the Achaemenid rulers made greater use of Assyrian rather than Babylonian royal iconography and tradition in their declarations; the Cylinder refers to the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal as “my predecessor”, rather than any native Babylonian ruler.[48]. [55] As Kuhrt puts it: [The Cylinder] reflects the pressure that Babylonian citizens were able to bring to bear on the new royal claimant … In this context, the reign of the defeated predecessor was automatically described as bad and against the divine will – how else could he have been defeated? He arrived in his home town of Mosul on 16 November and travelled down the Tigris to Baghdad, which he reached on 30 January 1879. Nabonidus, Cyrus’s deposed predecessor as king of Babylon, commissioned foundation texts on clay cylinders – such as theCylinder of Nabonidus, also in the British Museum – that follows the same basic formula.[53]. [97] In 1968, the Shah opened the first United Nations Conference on Human Rights in Tehran by saying that the Cyrus Cylinder was the precursor to the modern Universal Declaration of Human Rights. High-resolution photographs from Livius.org, Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III, Amun in the form of a ram protecting King Taharqa, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyrus_Cylinder&oldid=978532724, Ancient Near and Middle East clay objects, Middle Eastern objects in the British Museum, Articles containing Persian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 21.9 centimetres (8.6 in) x 10 centimetres (3.9 in) (maximum) x (end A) 7.8 centimetres (3.1 in) x (end B) 7.9 centimetres (3.1 in). [91], Cyrus may have seen Jerusalem, situated in a strategic location between Mesopotamia and Egypt, as worth patronising for political reasons. [22][23] However, in a letter sent on 20 November 1879 to Samuel Birch, the Keeper of Oriental Antiquities at the British Museum, he wrote, "The Cylinder of Cyrus was found at Omran [Tell Amran-ibn-Ali] with about six hundred pieces of inscribed terracottas before I left Baghdad. When he took power, he performed the sacred rites and restored the sacred shrines. [50] The Cylinder's reprimand of Nabonidus also discredits Babylonian royal authority by association. [118] However, at its opening, Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejadmingled Islamic Republican and ancient Persian symbology which commentators inside and outside Iran criticised as an overt appeal to religious nationalism.

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