Baku has three different Jewish communities, namely the Ashkenazim Jews, the Mountain Jews, and the Georgian Jews. If you use our datasets on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a link back to this page. Lotfi A. Zadeh, artificial intelligence researcher, founder of fuzzy mathematics, fuzzy set theory, and fuzzy logic. Democratic and personal freedoms have been diminished by the government, wary of revolutions in Central Asia spreading to home turf. From 1914 to 1917, Baku produced 28,683,000 tons of oil, which constituted 15 percent of world production at the time. When Baku was occupied by the Russian troops during the war of 1804–13, nearly the entire population of some 8,000 people was ethnic Tat. Of the total number, 49.9 percent account for men, 50.1 percent -- women. Notable beaches include Shikhovo and One Thousand and One Nights. The official language of Azerbaijan is Azerbaijani, a member of the Oghuz subdivision of the Turkic language family. Teze Bey is the most popular hamam (traditional bath) in Baku. During the Soviet era, it became Kommunisticheskaya Ulitsa. The World War II Battle of Stalingrad was fought to determine who would have control of Baku oil fields. The current metro area population of Baku in 2020 is 2,341,000, a 1.21% increase from 2019. Since 2002, Baku has hosted 36 major sporting events and selected to host the 2015 European Games. In ancient times Bairamali Hamam was called “Bey Hamam”. Up to 1988, Baku had very large Armenian, Russian, and Jewish populations. [78][79] International and local exhibitions are presented at the Baku Expo Centre. [84], The Hamam tradition in Baku is interesting. The majority of Azerbaijan's media companies (including television, newspaper and radio, such as, Azad Azerbaijan TV, Ictimai TV, Lider TV and Region TV) are headquartered in Baku. Baku has several shopping malls; the most famous city centre malls are Port Baku, Park Bulvar, Ganjlik Mall, Metro Park, 28 MALL, Aygun city and AF MALL. [123] The commuter ferries, along with the high-speed catamaran Seabus (Deniz Avtobusu), also form the main connection between the city and the Absheron peninsula. [107][108] Since 2011 the city annually hosts WTA tennis event called Baku Cup.[109]. During the winter, gale-force winds sweep through on occasion, driven by masses of polar air. Some of the most influential Baku newspapers include the daily Azadliq, Zaman (The Time), Bakinskiy Rabochiy (Baku Worker), Echo and the English-language Baku Today. [26], The Russians built the first oil-distilling factory in Balaxani in 1837. The Martyrs' Lane, formerly the Kirov Park, is dedicated to the memory of those who lost their lives during the Nagorno-Karabakh War and also to the 137 people killed on Black January. Beginning from the 1890s, Baku provided 95 percent of the oil production in the Russian Empire, and approximately half of world oil production. Baku is noted for being a focal point for traders from all across the world during the Early modern period, commerce was active and the area was prosperous. The basis of Baku's economy is petroleum. [10] In recent years, Baku has become an important venue for international events. If you use our chart images on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a link back to this page. [89][90], In recent years, the success of Azerbaijani performers such as AySel, Farid Mammadov, Sabina Babayeva, Safura and Elnur Hüseynov in the Eurovision Song Contest has significantly boosted the profile of Baku's music scene, prompting international attention. The Old City of Baku, also known as the Walled City of Baku, refers to the ancient Baku settlement. Many clubs that are open until dawn can be found throughout the city. On July 10, 1840, the Baku uyezd was turned into an administrative region of the Russian Empire. Baku lies on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, alongside the Bay of Baku. Up to 1988, Baku had very large Armenian, Russian, and Jewish populations. Sustainability has become a key factor in future urban development.[39]. Thousands of Armenians in the city were massacred in revenge for the earlier March Days. Improvements were made in the general cleaning, maintenance, and garbage collection, and these services are now at Western European standards. 2007, Population by economic and administrative regions, urban settlements at the beginning of the 2009, UNESCO World Heritage Site listing Walled City of Baku, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Baku&oldid=1022157, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. [125] The city has many amenities that offer a wide range of cultural activities, drawing both from a rich local dramatic portfolio and an international repertoire. After the Battle of Baku, the Azerbaijani irregular troops, with the tacit support of the Turkish command, conducted four days of pillaging and killing of 10,000 to 30,000[35] of the Armenian residents of Baku. The main movie theatre is "Azerbaijan Cinema." It is still operating in its ancient setting. In 1501, Safavid Shah Ismail I besieged Baku. Shortly after this, Baku was proclaimed the new capital of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. eval(ez_write_tag([[250,250],'newworldencyclopedia_org-medrectangle-4','ezslot_5',162,'0','0'])); The name Baku is derived from the old Persian Bagavan, which translates to "City of God." [7] Baku is located 28 metres (92 ft) below sea level, which makes it the lowest lying national capital in the world and also the largest city in the world located below sea level. Baku frequently came under assault from the Khazars, a semi-nomadic Turkic people who dominated the Pontic steppe and the North Caucasus from the seventh to the tenth centuries, and starting from the tenth century, by the Rus, a medieval state centered on Kiev, from 880 to the middle of the twelfth century. It hosted many sporting events, including FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships in 2007 and 2009, 2005 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships, 2007 FILA Wrestling World Championships and 2010 European Wrestling Championships, 2011 World Amateur Boxing Championships, 2009 Women's Challenge Cup and European Taekwondo Championships in 2007. The first was the 2016 European Grand Prix, with the track going around the old city. [32][33] After the massacre, on 28 May 1918, the Azerbaijani faction of the Transcaucasian Sejm proclaimed the independence of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) in Ganja, thereby becoming the first Muslim-majority democratic and secular republic. Baku is the sole metropolis in Azerbaijan. The city walls of Baku were also rebuilt and strengthened. He encouraged the restoration of these buildings and is well liked by the Jews of Azerbaijan. New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. [124], Baku Port was founded in 1902 and since then has been the largest Caspian Sea port. The State Philharmonic Hall with excellent acoustic conditions often holds performances outside. On May 28, 1918, the Azerbaijani faction of the Transcaucasian Sejm proclaimed the independent Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) in Ganja. Yuli Gusman, film director and actor, founder and CEO of the Nika Award. Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100 NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. In 2005, the population of Baku was 2,036,000 of whom 153,400 were internally displaced persons and 93,400 refugees. During Soviet times, Baku was a vacation destination where citizens could enjoy beaches or relax in now-dilapidated spa complexes overlooking the Caspian Sea. Oil is in the air one breathes, in one's nostrils, in one's eyes, in the water of the morning bath (though not in the drinking water, for that is brought in bottles from distant mineral springs), in one's starched linen – everywhere. With the onset of the Karabakh War and the pogrom against Armenians starting in January 1990, the city's large Armenian population was expelled. While Azerbaijan has a high literacy rate, with a per capital GDP of $4,601 in 2005, its oil wealth had not benefited most citizens. The temperature for January is 33.8°F (1°C) and in July 82.4°F (28°C). On 13 June 1796, a Russian flotilla entered Baku Bay, and a garrison of Russian troops was placed inside the city. Baku is home to restaurants catering to every cuisine and occasion. In fact, capturing the oil fields of Baku was one of the ultimate goals of Operation Edelweiss, carried out between May and November 1942.

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